Doctrinal Controversies in Church History

This course examines major doctrinal controversies that have shaped the theological identity, spiritual life, and institutional development of the Christian Church from the early centuries to the modern era. Each controversy will be studied in its historical context, tracing the theological arguments, key figures, ecclesiastical outcomes, and enduring significance for the global Church today.

Beginning with the early ecumenical councils (e.g., Nicaea, Constantinople, Chalcedon), the course investigates debates over the Trinity, the person of Christ, and the nature of Scripture. It then moves into the medieval period and the Reformation era, including debates over justification, Scripture and tradition, the sacraments, and the nature of saving faith.

Students will be equipped to understand theological conflict as part of the Church's task of preserving the "faith once for all delivered to the saints" (Jude 3), and to respond to contemporary challenges with historical awareness, biblical fidelity, and pastoral wisdom.